Observer is part of a series of life-size sculptures called Personages that Louise Bourgeois created between 1945 and 1955. Symbolizing individuals from the artist’s past, the figures' thin verticality evokes the fragility of the human condition, a common theme in the arts of the postwar period.
Bourgeois rejected being associated with the Surrealists and remained an outsider to the art world during the flourishing of abstraction after World War II. Yet her work shared commonalities with both movements, including the visual exploration of memories and other psychological forces. One of the defining characteristics of her work is its deeply emotional subject matter, often autobiographical, that references familial relationships and the desire for belonging.
Throughout her career, Bourgeois created sculptures from a variety of materials, including stone, bronze, plaster, and rubber. Observer was first carved in wood and subsequently cast in bronze, retaining the appearance of the earlier version.
A significant figure in the development of color field painting, Helen Frankenthaler was best known for her innovative staining technique, which initially involved pouring turpentine-thinned oil paint onto unprimed canvas. In 1963 Frankenthaler started working with acrylic paint—which didn’t leave residual, halo-like marks of oil—using it to flood the surface rather than stain it.
The result is evident in Red Frame, a Sheldon treasure. Blue, green, and yellow forms are surrounded by the eponymous red frame, which functions to reinforce both the shape of the canvas and its status as an object on the wall.
Nicolai Fechin was classically trained at the Imperial Academy of Art in St. Petersburg, Russia, and known for his famous patrons—including actress Lillian Gish and revolutionaries Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. This portrait of author Willa Cather was likely painted in Fechin's New York studio shortly after he and his family fled the Bolshevik revolution and emigrated to the United States. Cather maintained contact with Fechin after the completion of the portrait, visiting his house in Taos, where he continued to paint and host other artists and literati.
By 1924, Cather had published A Lost Lady, was beginning work on The Professor's House, and had won a Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours.
In Legba and the Pearl Gourd, Stout paints an allegorical portrait of hoodoo, an African American form of spirituality grounded in African Yoruba deities, Caribbean vodou culture, and Christianity. Here, Stout references Papa Legba—a guardian spirit of crossroads who is both trickster and transformer—to emphasize the complexity of decision making.
My admiration for Elizabeth Murray began in 1976 in an exhibition at the esteemed Paula Cooper Gallery, which at the time was located in the still-grimy, industrial SoHo. I was simply stunned by Murray’s quirky paintings—often oddly shaped, sometimes less than graceful. The works were simultaneously familiar and unlike anything I’d seen before; they were unforgettable.
Murray’s visual language, her distinctive combination of scale, color, mark, and oddly shaped canvases, synthesized Cubism and Pop sensibilities into something fresh and current. I followed the gallery’s calendar closely to make certain that I was in New York every two to three years to see the progress of Murray’s work—an evolution I was never fully prepared for. Upon meeting her at an opening, I was struck immediately by how genuine and earnest she was; she was as excited about making these paintings, as I was to observe them.
Murray’s painting Wishing for the Farm was first shown at Paula Cooper Gallery in 1992. I saw the exhibition, but remember it more for the overwhelming physicality of the works, rather than for any specific painting. I next encountered the work in 2006 at a retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art. The show was a wonderful consolidation of Murray’s career achievements including her last work. My third encounter with the painting occurred in 2009 at the Arts Club of Chicago where a guard asked me to leave after spending an hour and a half looking at only a handful of Murray’s works.
My most recent, and most notable, reunion with Wishing for the Farm occurred this year when a generous gift from Ben and Maja Harris offered the museum an opportunity to add a significant work to its collection through a unique challenge. With additional support from Rhonda Seacrest and Donna Woods, Sheldon acquired this painting that draws on all of the energy inherent in the best works by Murray.
Adding an object to a museum’s collection is always an interesting proposition. The organization’s acquisition committee must consider many criteria ranging from the work’s inherent qualities to its potential to advance the mission of the museum. In the case of Wishing for the Farm, Sheldon’s 1963 building presented an additional concern. Although the Phillip Johnson–designed structure is a perfect venue for large-scale paintings, a medium the architect understood and collected actively, its doors accommodate objects of limited scale. With Murray’s work there was always the question: can we get it in the building?
Wishing for the Farm arrived at Sheldon in three crates, a jigsaw puzzle of interlocking canvases that together suggest the topography of rolling hills and deep-cut valleys. Murray’s application of paint is bold, sometimes brash and slightly unkempt, yet always passionate.
It’s virtually impossible to stand before one of her works and not be drawn into the turbulent waves of forms that imply a fraught situation. As viewers, we default to known references that aid us in making sense of these shapes and our relationships to them. The worm-like form that bisects the painting could be from Ghostbusters to one viewer and resemble an endless, whitewashed column by Brancusi to another. Either way, the shadow cast by the form may convey something dramatic and even possibly sinister. The title of the work seems to suggest the desire for tranquility, or at least a respite, in the midst of this topsy-turvy environment that lurches out from the wall into our space.
It’s hard not to be seduced into this painter’s world.